This roundtable centers histories of science, technology, medicine, ecology, and environment in the making of plantation capitalism, with a focus on the Greater New Orleans area. It is framed by two concepts: the Plantationocene and the Second Slavery. In his recent book The Reckoning, Robin Blackburn charts how slavery not only survived the era of Atlantic revolutions but expanded across the “ABC territories” (the American South, Brazil, and Cuba) under the pressure of nineteenth-century markets for cotton, coffee, and sugar; he maps a transnational Slave Power sustained by innovations in credit and collateralization alongside organized coercion, and contrasts the varied paths to abolition across these regions. Building from that macroeconomic frame, the roundtable centers the environment: river engineering, antebellum drainage canals and levee regimes, port quarantines and mid-century boards of health, and the circulation of expertise through hospitals, medical schools, and scientific journals. Participants will examine how yellow fever, cholera, and malaria reshaped labor markets, migration, and governance and how racialized medical theories and pedagogies pathologized Blackness; and how plantation risk was priced through insurance, mortgages on enslaved people, and calculations of climatic hazard. Equally, the discussion foregrounds the ecological practices of enslaved and free people—agricultural know-how, healing traditions, and strategies for navigating swamps, levees, and quarantine regimes—that contested and remade plantation landscapes. By placing science, medicine, and environmental change at the center of plantation history, the session refines the Plantationocene’s analytical utility and models how to integrate technology and ecology into the study of slavery and its afterlives.