White and Asian Settlers in Transition Across the Pacific: Unpacking ALOHAnet to Find the Interwoven Histories of Race, Empire, and Electrical Engineering in Hawai'i

Saturday, January 10, 2026: 10:50 AM
Hancock Parlor (Palmer House Hilton)
Yoehan Oh, Yale University
The intertwined histories of race, empire, colonialism, and immigration are essential to understanding historical Hawai‘i. Native Hawai‘ians were displaced from their ancestral lands as sugarcane and pineapple plantations were run by American businessmen. To sustain these industries, laborers were brought from Asia, particularly Japan, China, and the Philippines, shaping multicultural demographic in Hawai‘i (MacLennan, 2017). This paper examines an underexplored question (c.f. Bayman, 2009): how modern technology in Hawai‘i interacted with these intertwined histories, focusing on ALOHAnet, the world’s first working wireless computer network (1968–1971).

Developed at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, ALOHAnet influenced modern wireless communication and Ethernet. Its name, university affiliation, and promotional imagery featuring an East Asian-looking woman collectively evoke multiplex signals of Hawai’ian resonance. Yet, most of the project’s leaders were recent migrants from the mainland U.S., raising questions about whether ALOHAnet represents a uniquely Hawai‘ian achievement or a reflection of mainland dominance.

This paper situates ALOHAnet within the broader history of electrical engineering in Hawai‘i, with radio engineering as its subfield, tracing connections to three earlier milestones: King Kalākaua’s introduction of electric lighting to the Kingdom of Hawai‘i (1886–1888), the SCR-270 radar’s detection of Japanese aircraft prior to the Pearl Harbor attack (1941), and the TPC-1 transpacific telephone cable connecting Japan, Hawai‘i, and California (1964). By comparing ALOHAnet with these earlier projects, this study explores the ways Hawai‘i transitioned from a politically charged and contested space between kingdoms and empires, to a region that let tensions arises yet in a manageable way within a more stable framework.

Ultimately, it argues that ALOHAnet represents a key moment in Hawai‘ian transformation under American and Asian settler inter-colonial dynamics ossified (Azuma 2019), with Native Hawai‘ians marginalized in the technological and economic order.