Print Culture in Colonial India and the Possibilities of the Political

AHA Session 128
Society for Advancing the History of South Asia 1
Saturday, January 4, 2025: 1:30 PM-3:00 PM
Gramercy West (New York Hilton, Second Floor)
Chair:
Anne Murphy, University of British Columbia

Session Abstract

The world of print culture in colonial India was dynamic and marked by diverse forms. The newspaper came to India as a colonial import towards the end of the eighteenth century and quickly became a tool for consolidating Britain’s imperial footprint. But Indians didn’t take long to take to this medium, and over the following decades, they repurposed this tool to usher in social transformation and foster nationalist awareness, as panelist Megan Robb has shown in her work and panelists Manimugdha Sharma and Robb will discuss further in this panel. The self-consciously socio-literary journal emerged in the late-nineteenth century across various literary languages: Jennifer Dubrow has explored the groundings of modern Urdu literary culture in the domain of newspapers and journals, and the dynamic exchanges in the periodical domain that influenced the development of the novel form; such periodicals were a primary location for literary emergence and development for Hindi as well, too, as Francesca Orsini, Sujata Mody and panelist Shobna Nijhawan have shown. The newspaper and socio-literary journal played a productive role for other languages, such as Punjabi, as panelist Anne Murphy’s paper will show. This panel thus looks across linguistic domains in the late colonial period, bringing together presentations on work in Hindi, Punjabi, Urdu, and English, to explore political imaginaries that emerged in the dynamic print culture of colonial India. Nijhawan’s paper focuses on the print sphere in the colonial city of Lucknow of the first half of the twentieth century by gauging the relationship of advertisements of political books in the Hindi socio-literary periodicals Sudhā and Mādhurī. The paper by Murphy examines the political imaginaries expressed in the Punjabi Shahmukhi magazine Paṅjābī Darbār, founded in 1928 by Joshua Fazl-ul-Din, as an early articulation of the socio-literary journal in the Punjabi-language print domain, and in relation to Fazl-ul-Din’s work as a whole. Sharma’s paper investigates the coverage of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany by The Times of India between 1922 and 1945 and tries to uncover the complexities inherent in the representation of fascist ideologies and events by India's largest English-language daily. It explores how the unfolding events in Europe were framed and interpreted and what that reveals about the newspaper’s own positions and biases. Robb looks closely at the Urdu language newspaper of the Anjuman-i Punjab, considering the character, impact, and reception of the Anjuman’s newspaper over the 1870s. Her paper reflects on the extent to which its conceptions of “news” drew from English newspaper models, as its attitude to poetry suggests, as well as the legacy of Persianate newsletter traditions.
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