To compose critical histories of the events and their implications, careful analysis is warranted when weighing whether to replicate these sources’ categorizations or to read against their grains. How should historians understand these representations when identities and affiliations seemingly contradict each other, often in different accounts of the same event or phenomenon, and sometimes within the same document or collection? The papers presented here reveal variations in representations of the identities and loyalties of the persons at the center of these controversial events and of those mobilizing in response to them (Besser Fredrick’s examination of press coverage of the execution of and funeral procession for Father Miguel Pro, S.J., Gómez Villanueva’s exploration of mystic Concepción Cabrera Armida’s construction of a symbolic universe as an act of resistance, Boylan and Swedberg’s juxtaposition of narratives of Leonor Sánchez’s life, death when a clandestine Mass was raided, and the protests following it; and Alvarez Pimentel’s comparison of Catholic Action-sponsored biographies that recast Fr. Pro and Maria de la Luz Camacho (killed when confronting leftist demonstrators) to retain the loyalties of working women readers). The panelists problematize sources and interpretations, probing how the constructions of these identities were rhetorical strategies on the part of participants, institutional leaders, and authors. While this could allow authors to create narratives that aligned with their political and social goals, it could obscure not only the identities and allegiances of those involved, but the ways in which their actions formed and contributed to resistance against and reversal of anticlerical policies and practices. Close readings of concurrent and post hoc accounts expose oversimplifications in narratives of martyrdom, church-state, and class conflict, revealing more complex portraits of movement participants and how they were catalysts of social and legal change in revolutionary Mexico.