New Pedagogical Methodologies in Military History: Simulations, War Gaming, and the Emergent Benefits of AI

AHA Session 138
Friday, January 8, 2027: 3:30 PM-5:00 PM
Napoleon Ballroom C1 (Sheraton New Orleans, 3rd Floor)
Chair:
Robert H. Clemm, Air Force Global College
Panel:
Sarah Douglas, Ohio State University
Lee Eysturlid, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
Jon Hendrickson, Air Command and Staff College
Dana Mendes, Military Academy at West Point
Mark Thomas-Patterson, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Session Abstract

Our roundtable will focus on new pedagogical methodologies in teaching military history by showcasing innovative, technology-infused, and experiential approaches currently in use in the classroom. Moving beyond traditional lectures and textual analysis, these techniques emphasize immersion, visualization, and active decision-making to enhance student engagement, support critical thinking, and bring the past vividly to life. Specifically, Dr. Sarah K. Douglas will explore the integration of generative AI in historical pedagogy through a project recreating the Viking Sack of Paris in 845 CE. Using AI image generation informed by critical source analysis, archaeology, and iconography, the initiative not only fosters rigorous source criticism, hypothesis testing, and discussions on AI bias and authenticity, but pedagogically, AI-generated scenes transform abstract narratives into immersive experiences, enhancing accessibility for pre-modern topics and promoting active learning. Dr. Lee Eysturlid advocates for broadening curricula by teaching world military history from the Bronze Age onward. Challenging the common focus on modern Western conflicts, he shares models, rationales, and sources to enable comprehensive coverage of humanity's military experience, inviting instructors to adapt elements for their courses. Dr. Jon Hendrickson highlights educational wargaming as a powerful tool. Distinguishing it from experiential or analytical variants, he emphasizes games where students assume historical roles, confronting authentic dilemmas shaped by political, religious, economic, and military factors. This experiential method extends beyond combat to explore force-building, diplomatic-military intersections, and interest-group interactions, yielding insights distinct from archival study. Ph.D. Candidate Dana Mendes discusses reviving kriegsspiel-style exercises with AI at West Point. Amid a curriculum update emphasizing operational history, a Fall 2026 pilot across 500 students offers AI-facilitated simulations alongside analog tabletop options. Building on experiments since 2023, this evaluates AI's role in enhancing role-playing “Tactical Exercises Without Troops” compared to traditional tools like the Thayer Method. Finally, Ph.D. Candidate Mark Thomas-Patterson presents a scalable Cuban Missile Crisis simulation for Cold War courses. Designed for 50-minute sessions and 8–15 students, with flexible, simple rules for non-specialist facilitators, the exercise demonstrates the value of historical recreation simulations, thereby empowering the students to both work as active participants in their own learning while also teaching one another along the way. Collectively, these presentations illustrate a shift toward interactive, tech-augmented methods—AI visualization, broad chronologies, wargaming, and role simulations—that make military history more dynamic and pedagogically effective.
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