Historians have long characterized the nineteenth century as an era of political revolution, market integration, and transition from bonded to free labor in the Americas. Yet the sweeping reconfiguration of land tenure that accompanied these processes has received comparatively less attention. This panel addresses that silence directly while also challenging homogenizing narratives of the nineteenth-century Americas. This formal panel session brings together four papers that engage the intertwined topics of land and property in geographies that have often remained peripheral to mainstream Latin American historiography. The papers collectively ask: How was landed property defined and legitimized across nineteenth-century Latin America? How did states and peasant communities advance, challenge, and negotiate changes to existing rural property regimes and modes of agricultural labor? And how did struggles over land and property shape projects of state formation and racial ordering—and vice versa? In addressing these questions, the panel approaches landed property as an unstable category—its meanings historically contingent, forged through colonial encounters, racial hierarchies, legal innovation, layered sovereignties, and shifting economic forces. Bringing together case studies from Chile, Guatemala, Bolivia, and Haiti, the panel examines how property regimes were produced through conflict, experimentation, and negotiation. Across these diverse geographies, panelists explore the racialized making of property, the contested negotiation of Indigenous communal landholding within emergent liberal legal frameworks, and the reorganization of plantation and frontier landscapes during the long nineteenth century (c. 1750s–1910s). Broadly, the panel contends that land was a central object of policy, a subject of debate, and a site of contestation in the economic, political, and legal transformations that swept Latin America during this period. The session thus places transformations in land tenure across Latin America in comparative perspective, fostering discussion between panelists, the commentator, and the audience that highlights regional commonalities while recognizing the diversity of distinct property regimes. Ultimately, the panel seeks to engage historians across fields, inviting a broader scholarly reconsideration of land as an analytical anchor and point of departure for historical narratives of the long nineteenth century.