Empire on the Rocks: The Debate over Prohibition in the Philippines

Thursday, January 7, 2027: 1:30 PM
Galerie 4 (New Orleans Marriott)
Julianna Aguja, Yale University
During Prohibition, there was only one place under the American flag where alcohol was produced and consumed legally: the Philippines. Unlike the continental United States and its six other unincorporated territories alcohol flowed freely in the Philippines––to the delight and disappointment of Americans and Filipinos alike. Under Section 5 of the Jones Law (1916), new U.S. laws only applied to the Philippines if the archipelago was explicitly named. The Eighteenth Amendment and the Volstead Act that enforced it made no such provisions––an omission that sparked confusion and controversy in both the colony and the metropole.

“Empire on the Rocks” investigates the decade-long legal, moral, and political battle over the Eighteenth Amendment in the Philippines, a topic underexplored in scholarship on both the Prohibition Era and U.S. empire. Placing American and Filipino sources in conversation, this presentation shows how Filipino jurists, politicians, and businessmen defied the will of reformers and the U.S. colonial administration on the question of Prohibition. During this period, Filipino alcohol companies and distillers’ associations gained legitimacy as political actors and scientific experts, impeding the “civilizing mission” of American reformers along the way. Brewed into both “wet” and “dry” arguments were competing visions of the present and future status of U.S. sovereignty in the archipelago. And as these debates played out in the popular press, U.S. Congress, and the Philippine Legislature, alcohol took on a new cultural significance in the islands: local companies made alcohol attractive to Filipino consumers by portraying it as healthy and modern, taking cues from their American counterparts. Among U.S. audiences, Prohibition heightened American fantasies of the Philippines as an exotic leisure zone. “Empire on the Rocks” concludes by looking ahead, showing how the Prohibition debates merely marked the start of alcohol’s place in U.S.–Philippine relations.

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