Class, Race, and Regionalism in the Depopulations of 1605–06

In this paper, we propose to rethink the narratives surrounding the so-called Osorio devastations of 1605 and 1606 in Hispaniola. We wish to challenge certain assumptions about the nature and the scope of the measures taken against contraband in the eastern part of the island at the beginning of the XVII century. We aim to highlight historians' significant role in establishing this event's centrality in constructing a conservative national narrative.

We propose to view the depopulation not only as an event imposed by the metropolis but as a result of the interests and actions of local authorities and elites, particularly those of Santo Domingo. By examining these internal responsibilities, we can better understand these groups' significant role in shaping the depopulations. Under this approach, the measure presents itself as a counter-insurgency tactic against the “cimarrones” and Black communities living autonomously on the outskirts of Santo Domingo. It also reveals how the island's center and periphery struggled over conflicting interests, a pattern that would persist throughout Dominican history.