A wide range of identities was grouped under the notion of indio. This term had the ability to name the unfathomable and unknown in the Spanish American social world. It was also a differentiating status, which could contain a great diversity of social, political and cultural realities that aimed at normalization and homogenization. This collective identity, however, not only integrated the subjects bearing that denomination under imperial sovereignty: it categorized them in a somewhat incomplete classification exercise. In other words, not all indios were indios in the same way throughout the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries in a geographical and political space as diverse as that of the Viceroyalty of Peru. And the ambiguity of a concept like identity, capable of pointing out differences and similarities, of integrating as well as separating, highlights the complexity of these processes. The goal of this proposal is to continue the discussion regarding the diversity of forms of appropriation of the indio identity in the Viceroyalty of Peru, offering a comparative perspective on subjects whose identities were defined around their political, military, social and cultural roles, whether within their communities of origin, or as a consequence of migrations and relocations to serve the project of the Spanish empire. Our session will bring together three scholars conducting ongoing research about indio identities in different contexts and places of the viceroyalty of Peru, in order to discuss and update established notions about status and denominations. Each presentation will focus on very specific subjects - yanaconas in the New Kingdom of Granada, Guarani militias in the Jesuit reductions of Paraguay, and indio musicians in different cities and pueblos de indios - to encourage a fruitful exchange of ideas, methodologies and approaches. The dialogue that we intend to promote begins with the identities of these indios, but it does not end there, since its objective is not to define them in a closed way. Rather, it is about illuminating the game between colonial impositions and adaptations, between local definitions and imperial visions that encompassed a wide range of possibilities, and that sometimes justified, but in others delegitimized these denominations and the statuses that emerged from them. We expect this session will contribute to some of the latest historiographical discussions about indio identities in the Viceroyalty of Peru and the different perspectives from which colonial definitions and integrations are being studied.