Between the 18th and 20th centuries, thousands of individuals volunteered to fight in regional and global wars, anti-colonial conflicts, and independence movements in locations far removed from their homelands. Motivated by inter-imperial rivalry, ideological conviction, or profit-seeking mercenarianism, such individuals offer historians a unique analytical lens for analyzing the place of transnational mobility during an epoch of European history marked by the spread of nationalism and the territorial logics of nation-states. How has transnational war volunteerism shaped the evolutions and outcomes of regional or global conflicts? And how can historians accurately categorize, or label, the conflicts they fought in light of the significant presence of so many volunteer soldiers? Answering these questions and more, the papers in this panel will examine the history of transnational war volunteerism in various southern European and Mediterranean contexts in order to shed further light on the global linkages between (anti-)nationalist movements in and beyond Europe. Ranging from liberation movements in 19th century Egypt to the international dimensions of the Spanish Civil War to, finally, anti-communist volunteers in World War II, this panel’s speakers will examine a variety of transnational fighters and belligerent movements in different historical contexts, as well as explore the various parallels which existed between them.