Revisiting the Bargain of Collaboration in Colonial and Postcolonial Africa, Part 2: Custom, Bargaining, and Law—African Intermediaries, European Collaborators, and the Molding of Colonial Authority

AHA Session 216
Saturday, January 8, 2022: 1:30 PM-3:00 PM
Galerie 5 (New Orleans Marriott, 2nd Floor)
Chair:
Joel Cabrita, Stanford University
Comment:
The Audience

Session Abstract

African intermediaries were ubiquitous in encounters between Europeans and Africans throughout the continent from the eighteenth to the late twentieth centuries. In Intermediaries, Interpreters, and Clerks (University of Wisconsin Press, 2006) Benjamin N. Lawrance, Emily L. Osborn, and Richard L. Roberts explored a cross-section of African personnel employed at the lower levels of European colonial administrations in Africa, namely, the marginalized local go-betweens -- interpreters, translators, clerks, letter writers and "bush lawyers" -- whose mediations shaped relations of power between Europeans and Africans from the early 1800s to the 1960s. This two-panel sequence revisits this important theme with a new perspective, focusing on the role of African as mediators, collaborators, and agents of power within imperial and colonial authority, European and African. This panel, the second in a two-part sequence, explores the spaces of colonial contact and disjunction, and the people who occupied those locales to revisit the "bargain of collaboration," a term borrowed from Ronald Robinson. Abbass Braham examines the Zawiyya, a previously marginalized Islamic cleric community, who offered their knowledge and services as intermediaries and collaborators, facilitating the reshaping of law under French colonialism and entrenchment of the very customary laws they had once condemned. Mariana Candido explores nineteenth-century Angolan property disputes, focusing on the landowner and slaveowner, Dona Teresa Jesus, from Benguela to highlight how women used legal disputes to assert autonomy and authority and capitalize on cleavages in the Portuguese colonial state. Vusumuzi R. Kumalo and Benjamin N. Lawrance revisit white-authored memoires of cross-racial artistic collaboration in theater, film, and literature, to reveal the significance of apartheid as a vehicle for reshaping reminiscences of the bargains of collaboration undertaken in South Africa in the 1950s and 60s. And Julie McArthur studies the mapping of the Kenya-Somali frontier and the construction of imperial landscapes in east Africa, highlighting the role of visual culture and intermediary figures in the contestations over territoriality, mobility, and sovereignty.