How did the political struggles over religious liberty play out in the personal landscape of the household? It is well-known that converted Christian women outnumbered converted Christian men in early America, and we also know that many converted women married unconverted men as a result. Christian wives exercised religious liberty in the home by evangelizing to their husbands and children, leading family prayer, and staking out sacred space in their houses and barns for private worship. At the same time, however, ministers and other authors of prescriptive literature urged householders to exercise mastery over their dependents in matters spiritual and secular. According to this ideal of mastery, proper family governance required a prayerful husband and father to cultivate piety in his home by exercising stewardship over his wife, children, servants, and slaves. Through the habits of daily practice like prayer and religious instruction, members of households could act out ties of duty and authority in tangible ways that served church and state together. But in a society that depended upon both lay piety and householders’ mastery, who was supposed to hold sway in marital conflicts over religion: pious wives or authoritative husbands? By examining how Christian wives asserted religious power and authority, and how they both confronted and bemoaned their spouses’ religious lapses, we can better understand the uses of household governance and the gendering of religious liberty in early America.