The Place of Second Slavery in World and Global History
Friday, January 6, 2017: 4:30 PM
Mile High Ballroom 3A (Colorado Convention Center)
For the purposes of our debate, I see four plateaus or layers of global slavery (beginning in their times but not finished until today – except for the formal end of Atlantic slavery in 1888). The four plateaus are: 1) Slaves “without slavery“ (institution; first of all children and women), from 8000 years ago; 2) Kin- und house-slavery, including palaces, temples, and corporations (with the beginnings of slave trade), from 4000 years ago; 3) Atlantic slavery (including Atlantic slave trade) ca. 1450-1888, including the period of formal abolition in the Atlantic hemisphere 1793/1808-1888, and the so called hidden Atlantic (the trafficking of 3-4 millions of human bodies to the Americas, 1808/1820-1873); and 4) “Second Slavery global under the ideology of abolition, (European) civilization and contract,” 1808-1940, arising in many parts of the world, often rooted in local forms of slavery or combined with older plateaus.The best way to control and combine the different systems of labor was imperial colonialism (like in the Belgian Congo or the worldwide Portuguese empire), using contracts to differentiate it from the “abolished” forms of direct slavery (or using new discursive concepts, like “bondage” or “forced labor”). The core question of my paper, then, is: are these global Second slaveries dimensions of European or Neo-European capitalism (like “war capitalism” - S. Beckert) or are they different forms of global capitalism itself?
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