Caribbean Perspectives on Race and Citizenship at the First Universal Races Congress of 1911

Caribbeans helped organize the Pan African Conference in London in 1900, and they took part in the URC a little over a decade later.  I will consider the place of the Caribbean as a crossroads of race and civilization in the URC, analyze the contributions of Caribbeans, such as the Haitian leader General Francois Denis Legitime, to its discussions, and explore the ongoing politics of race and citizenship for both colonial subjects and republican citizens during these years, in light of the growing U.S. presence in the region