Ancestors and Founding Fathers: Julius Nyerere and Nationalist Biography

Sunday, January 10, 2010: 12:20 PM
Edward A (Hyatt)
Paul K. Bjerk , Hartwick College, Oneonta, NY
Academic historians tend to downplay the inordinate popular

fascination with "founding fathers" and other heroic agents of

historical change.  Yet academic histories of institutions, processes,

ecologies, and intelligentsia exist in constant tension with the

popular conception of history as narrative, both chronological and

character-driven.  The heroes (Nkrumah, Lumumba, Mandela) and villains

(Amin, Mobutu, Mugabe) of post-colonial demonstrate the

presence of biography in popular discourse.  Julius Nyerere of

Tanzania symbolized the deflated hopes of the first nationalist

generation with the collapse of his economy in the 1980s, a

disappointment intensified because history seemed to betray both his

virtuous character and the modernist rationality initially seen in his

policies. This ambiguous memory helps address the question of this

paper: how does biography serve as intellectual intervention?

Biography, in both popular discourse and diplomatic policy, often

serves as cipher for contextual debate.  Popular biographies, like

Greek gods and ancestral cults, provide the basis for a consideration,

not so much of history, but of national ethics and identity, and thus

serve a constitutional purpose in society.  In the context of

today, many founding fathers find their reputations at low ebb.  While

this circumstance reflects the efforts of scholarly critique, the need

for founding fathers (and mothers) from a constitutional standpoint

demands consideration. In conclusion I propose that good scholarship

can anchor popular biography, and thus stabilize national identities

and ethics in the tumultuous politics of today.

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